Glossary Of Carpet Cleaning Terms
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Salt
An ionic compound formed by the reaction between an acid and a base.
Saponification
The process of converting a fat into soap by treating it with an alkali. Also the process used by some to remove grease and oil.
Saturated
Describes a solution that will not dissolve any more solute at a given temperature. Any more solute will remain as crystals.
Scientific Method
A standardized way that scientists research and find answers to questions and problems.
Sequestering Agents
Chemicals that tie up water hardness and prevent the precipitation of hard water salts. This action causes clarity in liquid soap.
Soils
Describes a wide group of substances that attach themselves to surfaces creating a pollutant. Soils loosely attach themselves to surfaces by surface tension, electrical attraction or chemical bonding.
Solid Form of Matter
A solid holds its shape and volume even when not in a container. The molecules of a solid are tightly compacted and move only slightly.
Solvents
A liquid which dissolves another substance. Water is the most common solvent.
Specific Gravity
The ratio of the weight of a given volume of a liquid to the weight of an equal volume of distilled water. Water at that temperature has a specific gravity of 1. If the specific gravity of the other substance is greater than 1 it floats in water; if less than 1 it sinks.
States of Matter
A substance can be solid, liquid or gaseous. Substances can change between states, normally when heated or cooled to increase or decrease the energy of the particles.
Surface Tension
The attractive forces which liquid molecules have for each other.
Surfactant
Substances which lower the surface tension of water. These surface-active agents modify the emulsifying, foaming, dispersing, spreading and wetting properties of a product.
Suspension
The process of a cleaning agent holding insoluble dirt particles in the cleaning solution and keeping them from redepositing on a clean floor.
Synergistic
Chemicals that when combined have a greater effect than the sum of the two independently.
Synthetic Detergents
These are sometimes called soapless detergents. They are typically made from by-products of refining crude oil. They do not form a scum in hard water and lather better than soaps.
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