Glossary Of Carpet Cleaning Terms
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Efflorescent
Describes a crystal which loses part of its water of crystallization to the air. A powdery coating is left on its surface. The forming of a white powdery substance on the surface of concrete or brick is an example.
Electrolytes
Substances capable of conducting an electric current, either in their pure liquid state or when in solution. Acids, bases and salts are all electrolytes.
Electrostatic Attraction
Attractive force between two oppositely charged ions.
Elements
A pure substance that cannot be broken down into smaller substances. Elements are considered the building blocks of all matter. There are just over 100 known elements classified in the periodic table.
Elements, Compounds and Mixtures
These are the three main types of chemical substances. All substances are made of elements, and most are a combination of two or more elements.
Emulsification
The action of breaking up fats, oils and other soils into small particles which are then suspended in a solution.
Emulsion
A two-phase liquid system in which small droplets of one liquid are uniformly dispersed throughout the second. An oil in water (O/W) emulsion, is one in which the continuous phase is aqueous, while a water in oil (W/O) +-emulsion is one in which the continuous phase is oil.
Enzyme
Protein molecules produced within an organism that are used as catalysts for biochemical reactions.
Etch
A chemically caused change on the outside of a smooth floor surface which causes the floor to be pitted or rough.
Eutrophication
An overgrowth of aquatic plants caused by an excess of nitrates, nitrites and phosphates. It results in a shortage of oxygen in the water, causing the death of aquatic life.
Evaporation
A change of state from liquid to gaseous (vapor), due to the escape of molecules from the surface. A liquid which evaporates readily is described as volatile.
Evaporation Speed
Expressed in relation to the evaporation rate of n-Butyl Acetate which is standardized at 1.0. All products with evaporation rates greater than 1.0 are faster evaporating than n-Butyl Acetate and conversely numbers lower than 1.0 indicate a slower rate.
Exothermic Reaction
A reaction in which heat is given off to the surroundings as the products of the reaction are formed. The addition of high concentrations of sodium hydroxide to water produces an exothermic reaction.
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